World marks Press Freedom Day as media restrictions rise

World Press Freedom Day was marked on May 3 with warnings from media watchdogs that press freedom is deteriorating globally, with Afghanistan among the most restrictive environments.

The day, observed by the United Nations and UNESCO, highlights the need to protect journalists, defend independent media, and uphold freedom of expression under international law.

Advocacy groups say the situation in Afghanistan has sharply worsened since the Taliban returned to power, with censorship, arrests, and intimidation severely limiting independent reporting.

According to Reporters Without Borders, Afghanistan ranks among the lowest countries in its latest press freedom index, reflecting widespread restrictions on media operations and journalist safety.

RSF reports that many independent outlets have been shut down or forced into self-censorship, while journalists face threats, arbitrary detention, and increasing pressure from authorities.

Female journalists have been particularly affected, with many barred from working, restricted in movement, or forced to leave the profession altogether, significantly reducing women’s voices in Afghan media.

Local watchdogs say dozens of journalists have been detained in recent years, with at least four—Bashir Hatef, Shakib Nazari, Hamid Farhadi, and Abuzar Sarem—still in custody.

The Afghanistan Journalists Center reported around 150 press freedom violations over the past year, including threats, arrests, and growing censorship across the country.

Most cases involved intimidation and pressure on reporters, while several journalists were detained for their work, underscoring the risks faced by media workers.

International organizations say press freedom is under pressure worldwide due to conflict, political polarization, and the rise of authoritarian policies targeting independent journalism.

Freedom of expression is protected under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but enforcement remains uneven, particularly in conflict-affected and politically unstable regions.

Analysts warn that continued restrictions in Afghanistan risk further isolating the country and depriving its population of access to reliable, independent information.

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