What executive orders did Trump sign on day 1 of presidency?

(NewsNation) — President Donald Trump is putting pen to paper Monday, signing an estimated 200 executive orders relating to ending diversity, equity and inclusion programs within the federal government, strictly defining two sexes and enforcing heightened border security.

Trump signed a few nominations and executive orders from Capitol Hill following his inauguration and then more in front of a crowd of his supporters at Capital One Arena. The first order he signed at the arena revoked 78 executive orders signed by former President Joe Biden.

An executive order is a signed statement about how the president wants the federal government to be managed. They can come in the form of instructions to federal agencies or requests for reports.

The president was expected to make good on several campaign promises on his first day in office, but many of his executive orders will likely come up against legal opposition in the coming days.

Trump is expected to sign these executive orders on his first day in office.

Border-related executive orders

Declare a national emergency at the southern border 

Trump signed an order Monday night that declares a national emergency over immigration, aiming to help the secretary of defense quickly and seamlessly deploy members of armed forces to the border and free up more federal resources.

End catch and release of migrants

Border czar Tim Homan said the Trump administration would be ending the federal “catch and release” program, which allows immigrants who entered the country illegally to remain in the country as long as they are in the process for asylum.

“Stay in your homeland,” Homan told NewsNation last month. “Be safe. Crossing into this country illegally is very dangerous.”

Reinstate the ‘Remain in Mexico’ policy

During his first term, Trump implemented the “Remain in Mexico” policy, also called “Migration Protection Protocols,” which required asylum-seekers to stay in Mexico until their claims were processed. Democratic President Joe Biden’s administration ended the policy in 2022.

Under the order, this policy will be reinstated.

Resume border wall construction

Trump began construction of the southern border wall during his first administration in an effort to prevent illegal crossings. Under the order, work would resume.

Designate cartels as global terrorists

After being elected, Trump revived a campaign vow to designate Mexico’s drug cartels as terrorist groups.

“I will immediately designate the cartels as foreign terrorist organizations,” Trump said.

While in office in 2019, Trump dropped the plan at the request of Mexico’s then-President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, who said he wanted U.S. cooperation in fighting drug gangs.

Suspend refugee resettlement for 4 months

Trump, who put tight limits on refugees in his first term, has vowed to “suspend refugee resettlement” for four months as part of a broader effort to “immediately end the migrant invasion of America.”

Attempt to end birthright citizenship

The president signed an executive order Monday relating to the definition of birthright citizenship. The 14th Amendment guarantees American citizenship to anyone born in the U.S.

President Trump acknowledged during the signing that the courts may make an effort to strike this order down.

Direct the military to prioritize borders

White House officials said the order would “clarify the military’s role in protecting the territorial integrity of the United States” by sending military personnel to the border, pushing the Department of Defense to erect barriers and green-lighting the use of drones and other surveillance measures.

Order enhanced border vetting and screening

Under this order, the president is expected to tighten up the vetting and screening of migrants entering the country.

Diversity and inclusion

Define gender as two sexes 

Trump officials said the order will direct federal agencies to enforce laws in order to protect men and women as distinct sexes and use sex, not gender, in federal policies and documents.

The Trump administration will maintain there are two sexes, "male" and "female," and that "they are grounded in incontrovertible reality," one official said. The official added the federal government will use the sex of a person at birth to determine how they are classified. 

Under the order, government-issued identity documents, including passports and visas, will reflect a holder's sex. The order is expected to state that the federal government will no longer promote gender ideology, according to officials. 

End federal DEI programs

A Trump official said an executive order will end "radical wasteful DEI programs and preferences" in the federal government in order to "create equal treatment."

DEI refers to diversity, equity and inclusion programs.

This order ends funding for DEI funding in the government and will direct the Office of Management and Budget and the Office of Personnel Management to end "illegal mandates, preferences."

Trump signs orders on merit

Trump signed an order in the Oval Office to make sure “merit is the lone star of hiring in the federal government.” “Our country is going to be based on merit again,” he said.

Economy and environment

Energy emergency

Trump signed an order Monday declaring a “national energy emergency” to allow for more drilling and energy production. The order ends leasing to wind farms among other measures.

He said he will make America “a manufacturing nation once again” by ordering mass oil drilling, which he plans to export “all over the world.”

Withdrawing from Paris climate treaty

Another executive order signed by Trump immediately withdraws the U.S. from the Paris agreement, an international treaty on climate change. The pact is aimed at limiting long-term global warming to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) above pre-industrial levels or, failing that, keeping temperatures at least well below 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above pre-industrial levels.

The 2015 treaty is voluntary and allows nations to provide targets to cut their own emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas. 

Electric vehicles

The president said he would end the "electric vehicle mandate," a phrase he uses to refer to a rule by the Environmental Protection Agency, USA Today reports. The rule required auto manufacturers to cut vehicle emissions by 2027.

Inflation and trade

Trump signed a memorandum directing every department and agency to address the cost of living crisis.

But he appears to be holding off at the moment on his threat to issue tariffs on China, Mexico, Canada and other countries. He also appears to be holding off on higher taxes on imports, with an incoming official pointing reporters to a Wall Street Journal story saying he will only sign a memorandum telling federal agencies to study trade issues.

Renaming the Gulf of Mexico, Denali

Trump will issue orders to change the names of the Gulf of Mexico to the "Gulf of America" and Denali to "Mount McKinley".

In 2015, the Department of the Interior changed the name of the Alaskan peak to “Denali” from Mt. McKinley. That was the name traditionally used by the Koyukon people and is based on the Koyukan word for “tall.”

Armed Forces

Reinstating expelled service members

Trump said he would sign an order reinstating service members who were “unjustly expelled from our military for objecting to the COVID vaccine mandate with full back pay.”

He also said he would sign an order to “stop our warriors from being subjected to radical political theories and social experiments while on duty.” It is unclear what Trump is specifically referring to.

Government operations

Department of Government Efficiency

Trump signed an executive order Monday establishing the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), which he says will eliminate government overspending. The new agency was going to be co-led by tech billionaire Elon Musk and former presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy, but Ramaswamy said Monday he would no longer take part. The Associated Press reports Ramaswamy has instead signaled he plans to run for governor of Ohio.

The department was hit with three lawsuits just moments after Trump was sworn in as president.

Hiring and remote work

Trump signed several executive orders Monday evening related to federal and government workers. Two orders halted government regulations and hiring until the Trump administration takes full control of the government. The military and other categories would be excluded from the hiring freeze, the order said, but details were not immediately given to the public.

A third order requires federal workers to return to full-time in-office work.

'Weaponization of government'

Another order signed Monday ends the "weaponization" of the federal government by one administration against a prior administration.

Flags on Inauguration Day

One of Trump's first acts as president was signing an executive order directing U.S. flags to fly at full staff on every future Inauguration Day.

Flags were supposed to be at half-staff on Monday to honor the death of former President Jimmy Carter. Flags typically remain at half-staff for 30 days following a president's death, but Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) ordered an exception for Trump's inauguration. Flags were set to return to half-staff on Tuesday.

TikTok ban delay

Trump signed an executive order Monday to delay the ban on TikTok that went into effect one day before his inauguration. He said he would “extend the period of time before the law’s prohibitions take effect so that we can make a deal to protect our national security.” The ban will be delayed 75 days.

Jan. 6 pardons

Trump signed an executive order Monday evening pardoning roughly 1,500 individuals convicted in the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. The order also commuted the sentences of 14 individuals sentenced in the attack.

he pardons fulfill Trump’s promise to release supporters who tried to help him overturn his election defeat four years ago.

“These are the hostages,” he said while signing the paperwork in the Oval Office.

Free speech

The president said he would sign an order “to immediately stop all government censorship and bring back free speech to America." He repeated the promise in front of supporters at the Capital One Arena, but didn't offer specific details on the plan.

World Health Organization

Trump signed an order Monday evening in the Oval Office withdrawing the United States from the World Health Organization.

It was the second time in less than five years that he’s ordered the country to withdraw from the organization, despite it being a move many scientists fear could roll back decades-long gains made in fighting infectious diseases like AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.