Kevin Warsh returns to Federal Reserve with 'regime change' agenda

Warsh was confirmed to a 14-year term on the Fed's board by the Senate on Tuesday, with a separate vote due to install him as the central bank's chief.

The 56-year-old native of upstate New York left his first term on the board prematurely in 2011, griping over policy differences.

Now, he returns to lead the Fed -- tasked with, among other things, managing US inflation and ensuring maximum employment -- with an agenda that includes changing how it makes decisions, communicates those moves and implements policy shifts.

He does so at a time of unprecedented political pressure on the Fed's independence, with Trump demanding lower interest rates to spur activity in the world's largest economy.

Trump frequently criticized and insulted Warsh's predecessor, Jerome Powell, over a lack of rate cuts. His administration targeted Powell in a criminal probe and is still attempting to remove another Fed governor, Lisa Cook.

At his confirmation hearing before the Senate banking committee, Warsh vowed to preserve the Fed's independence, saying he would "absolutely not" be the president's puppet.

"I am honored the president nominated me for the position and I'll be an independent actor if confirmed as chairman of the Federal Reserve," he said.
Fed criticism
Born in New York's state capital Albany, Warsh graduated from high school in that area before obtaining degrees from Stanford University and Harvard Law School.

He is married to Jane Lauder, a granddaughter of cosmetics legend Estee Lauder. Her billionaire father Ronald Lauder is one of Trump's longtime associates.

Warsh started his career at investment giant Morgan Stanley, specializing in mergers and acquisitions.

He later joined former US president George W. Bush's administration, serving as a White House economic policy advisor from 2002 to 2006 before being nominated to the Fed's Board of Governors.

Warsh served on the board during the global financial crisis, and eventually left in 2011 over differences on how the central bank should tackle it. He has since worked on Wall Street and on the boards of various companies, including UPS.

"I saw the Fed and its people at their very best, but I also witnessed an institution that was tempted to play a larger role in the economy and society," Warsh said at his confirmation hearing.

That language has echoed Trump, whose administration has called for the Federal Reserve to stay in its lane and has alleged the central bank has a credibility crisis.

In his first tenure at the Fed, Warsh was considered a "hawk" -- a policymaker who favors addressing the inflation side of the mandate, usually by raising interest rates.

In recent years, however, he has changed his tune, aligning with Trump's demands for lower interest rates despite the US economy facing stubbornly high inflation since the Covid-19 pandemic.

Warsh blames high inflation on "policy errors" by the Fed in 2021 and 2022.

He has called for "regime change" in policymaking, including changing the data the Fed bases its decisions on, removing forward guidance from its communications and encouraging more of a "good family fight" at meetings.

He also wants to shrink the Fed's balance sheet, preferring to use interest rates as the central bank's primary tool on both sides of its mandate.

He has argued that the Fed has strayed into politics, again echoing a key Trump talking point.
'Very smooth'
David Wessel, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, said Warsh has outlined a wide-ranging agenda, but one should "watch what he does, not what he has said."

He added that Warsh will not simply be able to impose his will on the central bank, and will have to work with his fellow policymakers.

"He is very smooth, and generally good with the people, and that will serve him well in this endeavor as long as he doesn't move too fast or too radically," Wessel told AFP.

Kathryn Judge, a law professor at Columbia University, said existing divisions at the Fed will pose a "significant challenge" to Warsh.

"I think we really just have to wait and see," Judge said.

"It's been a long time since we've had a chair coming in who is seeking to chart a new course, rather than to build on the success of his predecessors."