Former Florida GOP Congressman David Rivera Convicted of Secretly Acting as Unregistered Agent for Maduro’s Communist Venezuela

Federal prosecutors in Miami announced that a former U.S. congressman and a lobbyist were convicted of secretly acting as unregistered agents for Venezuela while allegedly using political connections and millions in foreign cash to influence U.S. policy behind closed doors.

According to the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Florida, former Congressman David Rivera and political consultant Esther Nuhfer were found guilty after a federal jury concluded they covertly lobbied on behalf of the Venezuelan regime without registering under the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA).

Prosecutors said the operation involved a $50 million contract tied to Venezuela’s state-run oil interests.

According to BBC:

Defense attorneys claimed Rivera’s true aim was to oust Maduro, not aid him, framing the contract as commercial work exempt from FARA. Witnesses including Rubio and Sessions testified they were unaware of Rivera’s foreign ties, with Rubio describing a related meeting as “a total waste of my time” and expressing anger at the deception. Evidence included encrypted chats with code names like “bus driver” for Maduro and “melons” for millions of dollars.

A former U.S. congressman and a lobbyist were convicted of secretly acting as unregistered agents for Venezuela, using political connections and millions in foreign funds to influence U.S. policy while concealing their activities. The message is clear—covert foreign lobbying and… pic.twitter.com/HkJcXpVbhw

— US Attorney Reding Quiñones (@USAO_SDFL) May 1, 2026

The Department of Justice released the following press release:

A federal jury in Miami found a former U.S. Congressman and lobbyist guilty of secretly lobbying on behalf of the Venezuelan government and laundering millions of dollars tied to that work, in violation of the Foreign Agent Registration Act (FARA).

“These convictions expose a simple truth: the defendants sold access and influence to a hostile foreign regime for money,” said U.S. Attorney Jason A. Reding Quiñones for the Southern District of Florida. “They accepted millions tied to the Maduro regime, concealed that relationship from the United States government, and used trusted personal and political relationships to secretly advance the interests of Venezuela’s regime. In South Florida, where so many families fled communist oppression, that kind of betrayal carries real weight. The Foreign Agents Registration Act exists to protect transparency and safeguard our democracy from covert foreign influence. If you secretly act on behalf of a foreign government in violation of federal law, you will be investigated, prosecuted, and convicted.”

“Today’s verdict sends a clear and powerful message: our democratic processes are not for sale to foreign adversaries. Choosing to prioritize personal greed over legal transparency, David Rivera and Esther Nuhfer violated the Foreign Agent Registration Act by lobbying for the interests and benefit of the Venezuelan government,” said Brett Skiles, Special Agent in Charge, FBI Miami. “Using coded messages and laundering millions of dollars to fund personal lifestyles and political campaigns, these defendants thought they could operate in the shadows. This conviction proves that no matter how much ‘coded language’ is used or how high-ranking the conspirators may be, the FBI and its partners will remain steadfast in identifying and investigating those who covertly serve foreign interests at the expense of the American public’s trust.”

“This verdict underscores what can be achieved when federal partners combine their investigative strengths,” said Ron Loecker, Special Agent in Charge, IRS Criminal Investigation, Florida Field Office. “Following the money is what IRS Criminal Investigation does best, and our agents worked tirelessly with our law enforcement partners to uncover the illegal activity driving this foreign influence scheme. IRS Special Agents will continue to pursue criminals, regardless of how sophisticated the scheme or influential the individuals involved.”

According to court records and evidence presented at trial, David Rivera, 60, and Esther Nuhfer, 51, obtained a $50 million contract with a subsidiary of Venezuela’s state-owned and state-controlled oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), to advance the interests of the Venezuelan regime in the U.S. Without registering as foreign agents as required by law, Rivera and Nuhfer lobbied U.S. officials — including then-U.S. Senator Marco Rubio and U.S. Representative Pete Sessions — and arranged meetings between U.S. policymakers and high-ranking Venezuelan officials, including then-President Nicolas Maduro and then-Foreign Minister Delcy Rodriguez. In text message exchanges, Rivera and Nuhfer used coded language to describe their activities.

The evidence further showed that Rivera used approximately $600,000 from the contract proceeds to fund his Florida state congressional campaign, among other personal uses. Nuhfer used approximately $455,000 of the proceeds for the purchase of a residence in Key Colony Beach.

The jury found Rivera guilty of conspiracy to violate FARA, a violation of FARA, conspiracy to commit money laundering, and four counts of engaging in transactions in criminally derived property. Nuhfer was convicted of conspiracy to violate FARA, a violation of FARA, conspiracy to commit money laundering, and one count of engaging in transactions in criminally derived property.

Rivera faces a maximum sentence of 60 years in prison.  Nuhfer faces a maximum sentence of 30 years in prison.  A federal district court judge will determine any sentence after considering the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other statutory factors.

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