The City That Refuses to Break: Why Dubai Will March On
What makes a city great? Different cities succeed by different measures, but a robust infrastructure, a strong sense of identity, a vibrant cultural scene and a prosperous economy are necessary for any successful modern metropolis. Since the turn of the century, Dubai has staked a credible claim to all four—and added a fifth: a can-do attitude. The city’s audacious spirit is encapsulated in a slogan the United Arab Emirates adopted: impossible is possible. Audacious plans produced growth that transformed Dubai into one the world’s preeminent global cities.
As migration became an increasingly toxic political issue in Britain, the United States and Germany, Dubai opened its doors. The governing idea was not merely that migrants were welcome but that they were invited to be active participants in making the city a success. When traditionally open cities were turning inward, Dubai leaned into globalization’s foundational principles—freedom of movement and the discovery of common ground among people of different backgrounds—and gained a decisive edge.
What emerged was a modern land of opportunity, governed by a clear social contract: come here to work, to create, to contribute; abide by clear and robust rules; and you will share in the success. That compact extended across the full economic spectrum—from the blue collar workers who form the backbone of the economy and are protected under some of the strongest labor laws in the Middle East, to global chief executives who relocated to a city offering world-class services and a financial center ranked seventh in the world by the Global Financial Centers Index.
A new land of opportunity
Attracting international talent is woven into Dubai’s identity. The pursuit of global talent is existential for a city with a small citizenry and grand ambitions. For years, many immigrants considered their time in the Emirates as temporary, a chapter. That has changed. A decade of legal reforms and targeted incentives has given expatriates compelling reasons to stay. Non-Emiratis can now own their businesses, purchase property, and apply for 10-year residency visas. In most Arab countries, especially across the Gulf, such provisions were unheard of until a few years ago.
Cities often have a signature question. In Washington DC, where professional status defines social worth, it is: What do you do? In London, where London, where the city’s geography and the complexity of navigating it so often shapes people’s relationships, it is: Where do you live? In Dubai, the question is: How long have you been here? Over the years, the answers have changed from months to years, and now, for a growing number, to decades.
The story of Dubai can be traced through successive waves of migration: Palestinians who arrived after the 1967 war; Egyptians and Sudanese who came in search of better livelihoods from the 1970s as the oil boom led to the growth of cities and projects; Indians with centuries-old trading ties to the Gulf; and, more recently, young Europeans drawn by the promise of opportunity and adventure in a city that is also remarkably safe. Each of these communities arrived carrying their own culture, their histories, their identities. The future united them in Dubai. The appointment of the world’s first Minister of Artificial Intelligence in 2017, and the opening of the Museum of the Future, were not merely symbolic gestures. They were an invitation. Future forward thinking excited the young and the old immigrants in Dubai.
On Feb. 28 came the Iran war. Loud and urgent questions about the viability of the Dubai model followed. But most migrants living in Dubai, and the wider Emirates, have a genuine stake in the place. In 2025, Dubai alone recorded 270,000 property transactions. Each transaction representing individuals and families investing in a future in the city. Equity also lives in dreams and aspirations that people chose to pursue in Dubai. The people, the economy, the culture and the legal architecture that made Dubai attractive and strong remain intact.
Dubai serves as an entry point to the global economy for millions of people across South Asia, the Arab world, and Africa. It will continue to do so. To compete on the world stage, the UAE long ago set its sights on the metrics that matter globally. As the country’s financial center and most populous emirate, Dubai was central to that effort. The results speak for themselves: the UAE ranks 16th in the world for ease of doing business, according to the World Bank, and fifth in the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking.
The UAE has signed free trade agreements with economies as diverse as India, Turkey and Australia, which reinforced its position as a gateway and a bridge and enabled more people to travel to the UAE visa-free. DP World, the state-owned logistic giant exemplifies this strategy, as it operates not only vital ports in the UAE but a global network of terminals and trade and infrastructure. Those connections were always vital. After the war, they are indispensable.
War comes to a diverse Dubai
Over the decades, Dubai became one of the most heterogeneous places on the planet, a city with a population drawn from 200 nationalities. The backgrounds of those killed in Iranian strikes over the past month reflect that reality with heartbreaking precision. They are Emirati, Egyptian, Sudanese, Ethiopian, Filipino, Pakistani, Iranian, Indian, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Azerbaijani, Yemeni, Ugandan, Eritrean, Lebanese, Afghan, Bahraini, Comorian, Turkish, Iraqi, Nepalese, Nigerian, Omani, Jordanian, Palestinian, Ghanaian, Indonesian, Swedish, Tunisian, Moroccan and Russian.
Despite the material and human costs of the war, Dubai’s diversity is a source of its strength. The city’s cultural scene is built on the idea that people from different traditions and disciplines, when brought together, create a cosmopolitan reality that no mono cultural city can replicate. This year, Art Dubai, the Middle East’s most established art fair, turns 20. Every year, artists and galleries from Tehran to Tokyo gather here, attracting collectors from across the globe. That galleries from the Global South now stand on equal footing with their counterparts from New York and London feels almost unremarkable today. Twenty years ago, it was virtually unimaginable. The same plurality animates the city’s culinary life. Across 1,588 square miles, more than 13,000 cafés and restaurants serve everything from Lebanese street food to Filipino home cooking, while 19 Michelin-starred establishments occupy the same civic space.
Dubai is, of course, also associated with spectacle: the seven star Burj Al Arab hotel and a ski slope improbably installed inside a shopping mall. But they are only part of a much larger picture, in which extravagance sits alongside Dubai Humanitarian City, a logistics hub serving the world’s leading aid organizations, and quietly functional suburbs where ordinary life is simply lived. The city has never been just one thing.
Part of Dubai’s enduring advantage lies in its position within a broader federation of seven emirates, each with its distinct strengths. The capital, Abu Dhabi, an hour’s drive away, draws visitors from across the globe with its cultural landmarks—the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, the Louvre Abu Dhabi and the highly anticipated Guggenheim—and the pristine white sands of Saadiyat Island. About two hours’ drive from Dubai, places of great natural beauty such as Khor Fakkan and Hatta offer diving and hiking for those escaping the city.
Why Dubai will march on
Dubai has always offered the gift of individual freedom and reinvention. You can be who you want to be. The societal makeup of Dubai, and of the Emirates more broadly, ensures its appeal to the world’s strivers. Long before this war, Dubai was built on the pillars of migration, cultural fluidity, and relentless globalization. Those founding principles will keep powering its ambition after the war. In the city, the rule of law applies to everyone. Some of those laws may strike outsiders as strict, but they are clear, consistently enforced and blind to wealth or nationality. Petty crime is nearly nonexistent. By almost any global measure, Dubai is among the safest cities for personal safety. The bargain is straightforward: accept these laws, and they will protect you as surely as they bind you.
Dubai has navigated difficult times before, but this war is the most severe challenge it has ever faced. The war arrives after a period of sustained growth and institutional maturation—a foundation solid enough to weather the storm. What ultimately binds people to a city, or to a country, is a social contract that governs their lives. In Dubai, as across the UAE, that contract is stronger after the war. “In the UAE, everyone is Emirati,” Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, the UAE President, insisted in a message on X in the second week of the war. Soon, his words were seen on billboards across the Emirates, in campaigns from major institutions, from banks to real estate.
For those who chose to stay through what Dr. Anwar Gargash, the diplomatic adviser to the UAE president, has soberly described as “our worst-case scenario,” the country may emerge stronger than before. Personal safety, functional basic services, a vibrant financial center and connectivity—all of these were tested by the war. None were destroyed. Community bonds across the Emirates deepened. The expatriate population, which makes up roughly 90% of residents, watched Emirati armed forces—drawn entirely from the country's 10 percent native population—fight to protect them.
The UAE, like every other country touched by this war, will be changed by it. This is the first time the modern Emirati state has experienced sustained attacks on its soil. While it is unclear how long the ceasefire will hold, what is clear is that the strong fundamentals of this country are helping it navigate this period. This is not the first time doubters have questioned Dubai’s future. It is unlikely to be the last. So far, the city, like the rest of the country, has had a way of confounding them and marching on.