A complete guide to internet security

It doesn’t matter if you browse the internet for pleasure or rely on it heavily for business-related purposes, one thing will never change: there’s nothing more important than security and your computer's health. 

Introduction to internet security

There’s no simple answer to this question, but here’s a basic definition. Internet security refers to the measures and protocols implemented to protect online data and transactions from cyber threats, unauthorized access, and other forms of online exploitation. Internet security is a must for protecting sensitive information from cyberattacks, including personal data, financial records, and confidential communications. By implementing effective security measures, you can safeguard against identity theft, financial fraud, and data breaches, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of online activities.

Fundamentals of online threats

Understanding common threats is the foundation of internet security and remaining safe online. Malware, phishing, and social engineering attacks are the most common online threats. Each of these is unique in the way that it impacts internet security:

• Malware: Short for malicious software, malware includes viruses and spyware that damage your computer or steal sensitive information.

• Phishing: Phishing scams trick you into giving away personal details, typically through deceptive emails resembling legitimate sources.

• Social engineering attacks: These attacks manipulate you into breaking security protocols by relying on human interaction rather than technical methods.

Beyond these, identity theft and data breaches pose significant risks.

• Identity theft: This occurs when someone unlawfully acquires your personal information to commit fraud.

• Data breaches: Data breaches involve unauthorized access to secure databases to steal and/or expose confidential information.

All of these online threats underscore the importance of implementing security measures and remaining vigilant.

Navigating safely: Web browsing best practices

Safely navigating the web calls for a set of best practices to protect you at all times. To start, when browsing the internet, recognizing secure (and unsecured) connections is important. Look for URLs beginning with "https://" — the 's' stands for secure, indicating encryption. This encryption safeguards data transfer between your browser and the website, making it harder for cybercriminals to intercept your information. Tip: Make sure to use a browser that alerts you before visiting an unsecured website.

The next thing you should do is avoid suspicious links and downloads. Always verify the legitimacy of a website before downloading anything. Suspicious links often come disguised in emails or messages. As a general rule of thumb, exercise caution at all times. If in doubt, don’t click.

Drive-by downloads and malicious ads represent another layer of threat. These can automatically download malware to your device simply by visiting or clicking on a compromised website or ad. To combat this, do two things: install an ad blocker and keep your browser and security software up to date.

Additionally, customize your browser’s security settings to block unauthorized downloads, reducing the risk of inadvertently downloading malicious software.

Do the above to enhance web browsing safety and ensure a more secure online experience.

Protecting your digital identity: Privacy and personal information

Protecting your digital identity begins and ends with the careful management of your personal and financial information.

Safeguard personal information online

Think twice before sharing personal details on the internet. Use strong, unique passwords for different accounts and enable two-factor authentication whenever possible. Be mindful of the information you post on forums, social media, and other online platforms, as it could be used against you.

Understand privacy policies and data collection practices

Make it a habit to read and understand the privacy policies of websites and online services before using them. These documents explain how your data is collected, used, and protected.

Awareness of these practices allows you to make informed decisions about the platforms you engage with and the information you choose to share.

Manage privacy settings on social media platforms

Social media platforms often have detailed privacy settings that many users overlook. Take the time to review and adjust these settings to control who can see your posts, personal information and photos. Limiting exposure helps protect against identity theft and maintains your digital privacy.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about internet security

Here are some of the most common questions — with answers — associated with internet security.

What are the common threats and risks to be aware of while using the internet?

Common threats and risks include malware, phishing attacks, identity theft, and data breaches. Also, be cautious of unsecured Wi-Fi networks and social engineering tactics aimed at tricking you into revealing sensitive information.

How can I protect my personal information online?

To protect your personal information online, use strong, unique passwords for each account and enable two-factor authentication whenever possible. Regularly update your software to patch security vulnerabilities and be cautious about sharing personal information on social media and other platforms.

What are the signs that my computer or device might be infected with malware or viruses?

Signs of malware or virus infection include unexpected pop-up ads, slow system performance, frequent crashes or restarts, and unauthorized changes to settings or files. You might also notice unusual activity such as new toolbars or extensions in your browser that you didn't install.

What should I do if I receive suspicious emails or messages asking for personal information?

If you receive suspicious emails or messages asking for personal information, do not respond, click on any links, or download attachments. Verify the sender's identity by contacting the organization through official channels and report the message to your email provider or relevant authorities.

How can I create strong and secure passwords?

To create strong and secure passwords, use a mix of letters, numbers, and special characters, making them at least 12 characters long. Avoid common words and phrases, and consider using a passphrase or a password manager to generate and store complex passwords securely.