How to Use Almost Any Computer Without Leaving a Trace

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Almost everything we do digitally leaves a trace of some kind, and while it can be useful to look back on this past activity—when trying to remember where that great coffee shop you stumbled across is, perhaps—this continual logging and tracking doesn't really align with best privacy and security practices.

Meet Tails (The Amnesic Incognito Live System), a Linux distro based on Debian that maximizes user security and privacy. It can run from a USB drive, which means you're able to plug it into any laptop or desktop with a free port (Mac or PC) and take it away again when you're done, with nothing left behind on the computer you borrowed. Tails also comes with anonymous internet browsing built in as standard, through the Tor browser and the Tor network that reroutes your online activity across several private web nodes. No one can tell who you are or where you are, and you can get online without all the tracking and monitoring that's usually associated with opening up a browser.

It's perfect for hiding who you are online, and for dialing up your privacy and security protections to the absolute maximum—not to mention getting around state-level censorship, if that applies to you. Here's what you need to know, and how to get started.

What you get with Tails

Tails includes everything you need to get your computing done, as is the case with most Linux distros: You've got the Tor Browser on there, office applications courtesy of LibreOffice, image editing with GIMP, graphic design with Inkscape, and a variety of audio and video utilities too.

As soon as you start up the operating system from your USB drive for the first time, you'll be prompted to get online through the Tor network. This reroutes your browsing through several different relay points, so it's very difficult for websites to tell who you are or where you're from (unless you start logging into them, of course). It also keeps your browsing hidden from your internet service provider, law enforcement agencies, and anyone else who might be tempted to take a peek. To make sure you're running Tails and the Tor Browser with as much security protection as possible, check out our tips for browsing the dark web.

One big difference with Tails is that you can't actually save anything by default—it's one of the ways the operating system prioritizes privacy and security. If you do want a space on the USB drive to save files permanently, you need to specifically create it: Click Apps > Tails > Persistent Storage and then follow the instructions. When you're done, you can just click the power button (top right), choose Power Off, unplug the USB drive and be on your way.

How to start using Tails

To get started, head over to Tails' website, follow the Install Tails link, then click Download Tails only (for USB sticks). This gives you a file roughly 2GB in size, which you need to put on a USB drive. This drive must have a capacity of 8GB or higher, and can't have anything else on it (anything already saved on the USB drive storage will be wiped when you add Tails).

For actually putting the operating system image on your USB drive, Tails recommends Rufus for Windows and Etcher for macOS. Both tools are simple to use and free: All you have to do is point these programs towards your Tails download, and your USB drive, and they'll do the rest.

In the case of Rufus, the Device drop-down menu is where you pick your USB drive. From here, click Select to point the app towards the Tails file. You can leave the other settings on the program interface as they are, and click Start to create your bootable USB drive, which should only take a minute or two.

You're then ready to boot from the USB drive, either on your own computer or someone else's. This should work on most systems, with the exception of Macs that use Apple Silicon. The Tails team is busy trying to add compatibility for newer Macs, but it's not completed yet, so you'll mainly be looking for Windows PCs to boot from.

The specifics of how you do this depends on the computer you're using, but typically you'll need to hit a key like F8 as the computer boots up to pick the Tails USB drive rather than the main hard drive system—instructions for this may well appear on screen during start up, but if you're unsure, consult the documentation that came with the laptop or desktop, or check online.