Why the best problem-solvers think like jazz musicians

Picture a jazz quartet mid-performance. The bassist anchors the rhythm with meticulous precision—years of practice evident in every note. The saxophonist, meanwhile, closes her eyes and ventures into uncharted melodic territory, responding to something she heard in the drummer’s improvised fill three bars ago. What you’re witnessing isn’t chaos, nor is it rigid execution. It’s something far more valuable: the dynamic interplay between discipline and imagination that produces work no one has ever heard before.

This is exactly the capability that distinguishes organizations that merely survive disruption from those that shape it.

In an era defined by the rapid-fire shifts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the ubiquity of AI, many organizations find themselves chasing the “prize” of innovation without understanding the engine that drives it: creativity. Too often, leaders mistake innovation for a purely technical or systemic process, forgetting that it is actually a human competency rooted in a dynamic tension between two seemingly opposite forces. This is where the WonderRigor method becomes a vital strategic tool for the modern professional.

What is WonderRigor?

WonderRigor is the ability to toggle between wonder and rigor to solve problems and deliver novel value. Rather than treating these concepts as opposites—the dreamer versus the doer—the method recognizes them as a “chaordic” system: a blend of chaos and order that mirrors how creativity actually works in the real world.

Wonder is our capacity to exercise awe, to pause, and to ask audacious “blue-sky” questions like “What if?” It requires what the Italians call il dolce far niente—the sweetness of doing nothing—to allow assumptions to suspend and ideas to marinate. Wonder is the CEO who, instead of immediately optimizing the quarterly report, asks her team: “What problem would our customers pay us to solve that we haven’t even imagined yet?”

Rigor is our capacity for discipline, deep skill, and time on task for mastery. It’s the backstage machinations—the hard, sweaty work that anchors the wonder and ensures a project actually reaches completion. Rigor is the product designer who spends six months testing prototypes, the financial analyst who builds seventeen iterations of a model before presenting to the board, the writer who revises the same paragraph until it finally sings.

Here’s the insight that changes everything: rigor cannot be sustained without wonder, and wonder is often found in the midst of rigor. The designer who tests those seventeen prototypes isn’t just grinding—she’s paying close enough attention to notice the unexpected behavior in prototype twelve that sparks a breakthrough. The analyst who rebuilds his model is cultivating the pattern recognition that allows him to see opportunity where others see noise.

By intentionally toggling between these two states, individuals and teams can increase their Creativity Quotient (CQ) and navigate the complex, “wicked” problems that lack linear solutions—which is to say, nearly every problem worth solving today.

The Four Situational Modalities: Which problem-solving “persona” does this moment require?

Theory is useful, but leaders need tools. The WonderRigor method provides four situational modalities—or “personas”—that help teams determine how to approach a specific challenge. These are not fixed traits or personality types. They’re lenses to try on depending on the needs of the moment, the way you might switch between different pairs of glasses depending on whether you’re reading a contract or scanning a horizon.

1. Specialize: when precision is the priority

The Specialize modality is high on rigor, lower on wonder. You choose it when the situation demands deep expertise, proven methods, and meticulous attention to detail.

When to use it: You’re a surgical team performing a complex procedure. You’re an accounting firm closing the books on a major audit. You’re a manufacturing team where a 0.01% defect rate has real consequences. In these contexts, creativity lives in the micro-refinements, the accumulated wisdom of repetitive practice, the ability to execute flawlessly under pressure.

The risk: Specialization becomes dangerous when it’s the only mode you inhabit. The specialist who never lifts her head develops blind spots. She may be so focused on optimizing existing processes that she misses the industry shift that makes those processes obsolete.

In practice: A global logistics company had spent years perfecting their warehouse operations. Their specialists could move products with stunning efficiency—and they were completely blindsided when a competitor introduced drone delivery. They had specialized themselves into strategic irrelevance. The solution wasn’t to abandon specialization, but to create deliberate moments where specialists stepped out of their expertise to explore adjacent possibilities.

2. Hack: when speed trumps perfection

The Hack modality prioritizes expediency over polish. You’re working with what you have, moving fast, and tolerating imperfection in service of momentum.

When to use it: Your startup needs a minimum viable product by next week. Your team faces an unexpected crisis that requires immediate workarounds. The market window is closing and “good enough” today beats “perfect” in six months.

The risk: Hack mode can become an addiction. Teams that never leave it accumulate technical debt, cut corners that eventually collapse, and mistake activity for achievement. The quick fix becomes the permanent solution, which becomes the source of next year’s crisis.

In practice: During the early pandemic, restaurants had 48 hours to pivot to takeout-only models. This was hack mode at its best: owners repurposing parking lots, creating menu items that traveled well, cobbling together delivery partnerships. The restaurants that thrived, however, were those who eventually transitioned out of hack mode—who took what they learned during the scramble and systematized it through specialization, or reimagined it entirely through invention.

3. Provoke: when you need to blow up the status quo

The Provoke modality sits high on wonder, lower on rigor. It’s characterized by audacious, imaginative thinking that shakes others out of their assumptions.

When to use it: The team is stuck in groupthink. Everyone is optimizing a business model that may not deserve to exist. The organization has been asking the same questions for so long that no one notices they’re the wrong questions.

The risk: Without rigor to ground it, provocation becomes “loosey-goosey”—exciting conversations that never translate into action. The perpetual provocateur can damage their credibility if they’re seen as someone who loves to challenge but never builds.

In practice: When streaming was still a radical concept, the provocateurs inside Netflix asked: “What if we put ourselves out of business before someone else does?” That question—which seemed absurd to a company making billions from DVD rentals—created the space for transformation. But the provocation only mattered because Netflix also had the rigor to execute on what the question revealed.

4. Invent: the synthesis that creates new markets

The Invent modality is where wonder and rigor achieve balance. It’s the space of the true thought leader, the market creator, the person who shapes categories rather than competing within them.

When to use it: You’re not solving an existing problem—you’re defining a new one. You’re creating a product that customers don’t yet know they need. You’re building something that will make your current offerings obsolete.

The requirement: Invention demands that you’ve spent equal time “in the trenches” working out kinks and “in the clouds” dreaming audaciously. You cannot skip directly to this modality. The inventor has done the reps; she has the intuition that only comes from deep practice combined with broad curiosity.

In practice: When Apple introduced the iPhone, they weren’t improving existing phones—they were inventing a new category. But that invention was only possible because Apple had spent years both specializing (obsessive attention to industrial design, user interface) and provoking (asking what a “computer in your pocket” really meant). The iPhone felt “right” because it balanced high expertise with sharp intuition—the hallmark of the Invent modality.

Putting it together: the art of situational toggle

The power of WonderRigor lies not in finding the “right” modality and staying there, but in developing the situational awareness to know which lens the current moment requires—and the agility to shift when circumstances change.

Consider a product development team working on a major launch. In the early ideation phase, they might operate primarily in Provoke mode: challenging assumptions, asking heretical questions, exploring possibilities that seem impractical. As concepts solidify, they shift toward Hack mode: quickly prototyping, testing rough versions, building momentum through iteration. As the launch approaches, Specialize mode takes over: refining details, ensuring quality, executing with precision. And throughout the process, the best teams maintain awareness of when they might be ready for an Invention—a leap that transcends iteration.

The trap that most organizations fall into is getting stuck. They specialize forever, never questioning their approach until disruption forces them to. They hack indefinitely, accumulating shortcuts that eventually collapse. They provoke without building, mistaking critique for contribution. Or they attempt invention without earning it—trying to leapfrog into thought leadership without the rigor foundation that makes real invention possible.

Think like a jazz musician

Return to that jazz quartet. What makes their performance compelling isn’t just the technical skill (though they have it) or the bold improvisation (though they do that too). It’s the toggling—the bassist who knows when to lock into a steady groove and when to take a melodic risk, the saxophonist who has practiced scales for thousands of hours precisely so she can forget them in the moment of creation.

This is what WonderRigor offers the modern professional: not a rigid framework, but a practiced flexibility. The ability to move between discipline and imagination, between execution and exploration, between the known and the possible. In a business landscape where yesterday’s expertise can become tomorrow’s liability, this capacity to toggle isn’t a nice-to-have—it’s the fundamental skill that separates those who shape the future from those who merely react to it.

The next time you face a complex challenge, don’t ask “What’s the solution?” First ask: “Which modality does this moment require?” Then be prepared to shift as the music changes.