Gary Marcus calls out viral AI essay as alarmist 'hype'

• Gary Marcus said Matt Shumer's viral essay about the future of AI missed the mark.
• The AI researcher said Shumer didn't grapple with the current limitations of AI models.
• "I think that one should work from the facts rather than just trying to cause an alarm," Marcus told Business Insider.

If that viral essay about AI had been printed on paper, there's a good chance AI researcher Gary Marcus would've ripped it up in disgust.

Marcus acknowledges something is happening in AI — just nowhere near the scale described in the recently viral essay, which predicted a looming disruption "worse than COVID."

Marcus, who on X criticized the essay written by entrepreneur and investor Matt Shumer as having "not a shred of actual data," dismissed its contents as alarmist in an interview with Business Insider.

"Hyped-up views have gotten us into a bad place, possibly one that's going to lead to a serious economic recession or something like that," Marcus told Business Insider. "And I guess I think that one should work from the facts rather than just trying to cause an alarm."

In his essay titled "Something Big is Happening," Shumer, whose past startup sells a subscription-based AI-assisted writing tool, warned that AI would upend not just software engineering, but most jobs done "on a screen." Shumer also has a small VC fund.

Marcus said that while AI will replace some labor and affect jobs, the process will be much slower than what Schumer and others are describing.

AI can do some things well and help speed up work, but it's just not near the point of replacing humans, Marcus said.

"AI can do a small subset of the tasks, and that sometimes speeds up human beings and things like that, but it rarely does all of what a human being can do in any particular domain," he told Business Insider. "This will change over time, just to be clear. It is likely that AI will replace most human labor over the next century, but it's not likely that it will over the next year or two."

Companies that move too quickly to replace jobs with AI are likely to find themselves in a similar position as Klarna, Marcus said. In 2024, Klarna touted an AI assistant that could do the equivalent work of 700 people. By May 2025, CEO Sebastian Siemiatkowski, long a proponent of AI, said the Swedish fintech was leaning back into recruiting actual people.

"Six months or a year later, they come back with their tails between their legs because it turns out that the AI systems don't do things as well as the human," Marcus said. "So, I'm not saying that there's nothing going on. I'm not saying that there's no value in these AI systems, but they're premature."

Marcus said that the more likely outcome in the short-term is not that AI will replace junior employees but rather that executives think it's capable of doing so — and make what could ultimately prove to be a costly gamble.

"The biggest thing I think junior people have to worry about right now is a misapprehension by the C-suite that these techniques work better than they actually do," Marcus said.

As of Friday morning, Shumer's post has been viewed more than 80 million times on X alone. In a Substack post expanding on his criticisms, Marcus called Schumer's post "weaponized hype."

"The general impression that he conveys is basically that the sky is falling now, and at most, I think what's really happening is the junior people are under some threat, and I think that threat is actually exaggerated," Marcus told Business Insider.

Shumer previously told Business Insider that he wrote his essay in part to reach people like his dad, who may be skeptical or avoid AI entirely. He felt compelled to warn them about what might be on the horizon, even "if there's just a 20% chance of it happening."

Marcus's biggest critique of Schumer's post is that it doesn't take into account current data and research showing that AI still has a long way to go, and that it didn't present the full context behind a famous Model Evaluation & Threat Research graph assessing AI progress.

He said that other studies, including a June 2025 paper published by Apple's Machine Learning Research Group, found limitations in what current models can do.

Marcus also said that many leading AI CEOs who have made bold predictions about the future of work have failed to deliver on past ones. He points to xAI CEO Elon Musk's frequent rosy outlook on the number of robotaxis Tesla will put on the road (Musk once said one million by 2020) and to Nobel laureate Geoffrey Hinton's 2016 statement that the world should stop training radiologists. (Last May, Hinton told The New York Times that his prediction was poorly worded and that while he was wrong on the timeline, the general direction for AI's capabilities in radiology was correct.)

"What they have all learned to do is to sell the rosiest picture possible, and the media rarely calls them out," Marcus told Business Insider.

On Thursday, Microsoft AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman made waves by predicting that most, if not all, white-collar tasks could be automated within the next year and a half.

One of the industries Suleyman mentioned is accounting. Marcus isn't convinced.

"Think about accounting in particular," he told Business Insider. "Even one mistake can cost a client hundreds of thousands of dollars or get them sent to jail or whatever. Accounting is a business that is built on accuracy. If you're not accurate, you don't have a business."