The Download: attempting to track AI, and the next generation of nuclear power

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology.

This is the most misunderstood graph in AI

Every time OpenAI, Google, or Anthropic drops a new frontier large language model, the AI community holds its breath. It doesn’t exhale until METR, an AI research nonprofit whose name stands for “Model Evaluation & Threat Research,” updates a now-iconic graph that has played a major role in the AI discourse since it was first released in March of last year. 

The graph suggests that certain AI capabilities are developing at an exponential rate, and more recent model releases have outperformed that already impressive trend.

That was certainly the case for Claude Opus 4.5, the latest version of Anthropic’s most powerful model, which was released in late November. In December, METR announced that Opus 4.5 appeared to be capable of independently completing a task that would have taken a human about five hours—a vast improvement over what even the exponential trend would have predicted.

But the truth is more complicated than those dramatic responses would suggest. Read the full story.

—Grace Huckins

This story is part of MIT Technology Review Explains: our series untangling the complex, messy world of technology to help you understand what’s coming next. You can read more from the series here.

Three questions about next-generation nuclear power, answered

Nuclear power continues to be one of the hottest topics in energy today, and in our recent online Roundtables discussion about next-generation nuclear power, hyperscale AI data centers, and the grid, we got dozens of great audience questions.

These ran the gamut, and while we answered quite a few (and I’m keeping some in mind for future reporting), there were a bunch we couldn’t get to, at least not in the depth I would have liked. So let’s answer a few of your questions about advanced nuclear power.

—Casey Crownhart

This article is from The Spark, MIT Technology Review’s weekly climate newsletter. To receive it in your inbox every Wednesday, sign up here.

The must-reads

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology.

1 Anthropic’s new coding tools are rattling the markets 
Fields as diverse as publishing and coding to law and advertising are paying attention. (FT $)
+ Legacy software companies, beware. (Insider $)
+ Is “software-mageddon” nigh? It depends who you ask. (Reuters)

2 This Apple setting prevented the FBI from accessing a reporter’s iPhone
Lockdown Mode has proved remarkably effective—for now. (404 Media)
+ Agents were able to access Hannah Natanson’s laptop, however. (Ars Technica)

3 Last month’s data center outage disrupted all TikTok categories
Not just the political content that some users claimed. (NPR)

4 Big Tech is pouring billions into AI in India
A newly-announced 20-year tax break should help to speed things along. (WSJ $)
+ India’s female content moderators are watching hours of abuse content to train AI. (The Guardian)
+ Officials in the country are weighing up restricting social media for minors. (Bloomberg $)
+ Inside India’s scramble for AI independence. (MIT Technology Review)

5 YouTubers are harassing women using body cams
They’re abusing freedom of information laws to humiliate their targets. (NY Mag $)
+ AI was supposed to make police bodycams better. What happened? (MIT Technology Review)

6 Jokers have created a working version of Jeffrey Epstein’s inbox
Complete with notable starred threads. (Wired $)
+ Epstein’s links with Silicon Valley are vast and deep. (Fast Company $)
+ The revelations are driving rifts between previously-friendly factions. (NBC News)

7 What’s the last thing you see before you die?
A new model might help to explain near-death experiences—but not all researchers are on board. (WP $)
+ What is death? (MIT Technology Review)

8 A new app is essentially TikTok for vibe-coded apps
Words which would have made no sense 15 years ago. (TechCrunch)
+ What is vibe coding, exactly? (MIT Technology Review)

9 Rogue TV boxes are all the rage
Viewers are sick of the soaring prices of streaming services, and are embracing less legal means of watching their favorite shows. (The Verge)

10 Climate change is threatening the future of the Winter Olympics
Artificial snow is one (short term) solution. (Bloomberg $)
+ Team USA is using AI to try and gain an edge on its competition. (NBC News)

Quote of the day

“We’ve heard from many who want nothing to do with AI.”

—Ajit Varma, head of Mozilla’s web browser Firefox, explains why the company is reversing its previous decision to transform Firefox into an “AI browser,” PC Gamer reports.

One more thing

A major AI training data set contains millions of examples of personal data

Millions of images of passports, credit cards, birth certificates, and other documents containing personally identifiable information are likely included in one of the biggest open-source AI training sets, new research has found.

Thousands of images—including identifiable faces—were found in a small subset of DataComp CommonPool, a major AI training set for image generation scraped from the web. Because the researchers audited just 0.1% of CommonPool’s data, they estimate that the real number of images containing personally identifiable information, including faces and identity documents, is in the hundreds of millions. 

The bottom line? Anything you put online can be and probably has been scraped. Read the full story.

—Eileen Guo

We can still have nice things

A place for comfort, fun and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line or skeet ’em at me.)

+ If you’re crazy enough to be training for a marathon right now, here’s how to beat boredom on those long, long runs.
+ Mark Cohen’s intimate street photography is a fascinating window into humanity.
+ A seriously dedicated gamer has spent days painstakingly recreating a Fallout vault inside the Sims 4.
+ Here’s what music’s most stylish men are wearing right now—from leather pants to khaki parkas.