Gen Z is the loneliest generation — but boomers are feeling good

• Americans ages 18 to 29 were more likely to report feeling lonely than older adults, per a survey.
• Older Americans were also more optimistic about their lives than the younger cohort.
• Gen Z's loneliness may stem from fewer social connections and later marriages.

As social life rebounds uneasily from pandemic-era shocks, Gen Z is still feeling lonely.

A new survey from the Pew Research Center of 6,204 American adults, conducted from September 3 through 15, looks at how optimistic and lonely different age groups feel. Broadly, 16% of all American adults say that they feel lonely or isolated from those around them all or most of the time.

But loneliness starkly varies by age. Nearly a quarter of Americans ages 18 to 29 said that they felt lonely, compared to just 6% of those 65 and older. At the same time, adults 65 and older were the most likely to say that they felt optimistic about their lives all or most of the time, while just under half of 18- to 29-year-olds said they felt the same.

"Older people are almost always the happiest age group," in research on happiness, Kim Parker, Pew's director of social trends research, told Business Insider. However, she was surprised by the more negative opinions of the younger cohort.

"It's interesting to see that two-thirds of adults 65 and older say they feel optimistic about their life all or most of the time when only 48% of 18- to 29-year-olds do when they have so much time ahead of them," Parker said. "But it may be that there's just so much more unknown at that stage of life that it's harder to feel optimistic."

Gen Z's loneliness woes could have something to do with weakening social connections. As BI previously reported, Gen Zers are coming up against a fringe friend crisis: They're lacking wider connections and social networks that were more easily accessible to prior generations. At the same time, community-building groups like unions and religious institutions are fading away, as are third spaces — places that aren't work or home, but instead centered on congregating and socializing.

Part of the loneliness and optimism chasm might also have to do with how much Gen Z is socializing: Younger Americans have been spending more time alone. In 2010, Americans between 20 and 24 years old spent about four hours a day alone, a number that's since gone up, peaking at an average of 6.7 hours a day spent alone in 2021 — a likely result of time spent solo during the thick of the pandemic. Notably, time-use data isn't available for 2020, as the Bureau of Labor Statistics ran into issues running its survey during COVID's early spread.

Of course, not every boomer and older American is optimistic or avoiding loneliness. Older Americans who rely almost entirely on Social Security, for instance, have told BI that they feel isolated and can't afford social activities that might otherwise help keep loneliness at bay.

Another factor contributing to Gen Z's loneliness could be chalked up to larger societal and demographic trends. Eight percent of married Americans said that they felt lonely or isolated all of the time, compared to 24% of those who are unpartnered.

With 86% of 18- to 24-year-olds unpartnered as of 2023, Gen Z's relationship status might also be weighing on them, especially as dating becomes more costly and Americans get married increasingly later in life.

"We always see that married adults are happier than unpartnered adults are. It doesn't bode well for a population that's increasingly likely to not be married about how they might feel about optimism, about their life, and what we'd be looking at in the future in terms of a trend," Parker said. "But we won't know until we get there."

Are you dealing with loneliness, or found a solution? Contact this reporter at jkaplan@businessinsider.com.