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Medieval recipes for baked owls and puppies stuffed with snails are going online

Undated handout photo issued by Cambridge University Library of a compilation of medical recipes in original 15th-century leather wrapper. Curious medieval cures, including a treatment for gout that involved baking an owl then grinding it into a powder, are to be shared with the public online by Cambridge University Library. Issue date: Wednesday August 17, 2022. PA Photo. More than 180 medieval manuscripts are to be digitised, catalogued and conserved over the next two years as part of the Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries project. See PA story HISTORY Cures. Photo credit should read: Master and Fellows of Trinity College/Cambridge/PA Wire NOTE TO EDITORS: This handout photo may only be used in for editorial reporting purposes for the contemporaneous illustration of events, things or the people in the image or facts mentioned in the caption. Reuse of the picture may require further permission from the copyright holder.
Academics will carefully transcribe the manuscripts and put them online for the world to see (Picture: PA)

Need a cure for a bad case of gout?

Well, you could always bake an owl and grind it into a powder. Or perhaps you have a puppy and some snails going spare.

Simply stuff the latter into the former, roast it over a fire with a little sage royal, and use the rendered fat to make a salve.

These are just some of the thousands of medieval recipes being digitised for the first time by academics at Cambridge University.

More than 180 manuscripts are to be catalogued, conserved and made public online over the next two years as part of the ‘Curious Cures’ project.

They contain around 8,000 unedited medical recipes, mostly dating from the 14th and 15th centuries. Some examples go back even further, the oldest being 1,000 years old.

The texts are from the collections of the University Library, Fitzwilliam Museum and a dozen Cambridge colleges.

Undated handout photo issued by Cambridge University Library of a recipe 'For the sweating sickness', inserted within a compilation of household information. Curious medieval cures, including a treatment for gout that involved baking an owl then grinding it into a powder, are to be shared with the public online by Cambridge University Library. Issue date: Wednesday August 17, 2022. PA Photo. More than 180 medieval manuscripts are to be digitised, catalogued and conserved over the next two years as part of the Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries project. See PA story HISTORY Cures. Photo credit should read: Cambridge University Library/PA Wire NOTE TO EDITORS: This handout photo may only be used in for editorial reporting purposes for the contemporaneous illustration of events, things or the people in the image or facts mentioned in the caption. Reuse of the picture may require further permission from the copyright holder.
The interesting recipes date back to the 14th and 15th centuries (Picture: PA)
Undated handout photo issued by Cambridge University Library of a diagram of the human body, showing the veins to be opened for blood-letting, in the 16th century. Curious medieval cures, including a treatment for gout that involved baking an owl then grinding it into a powder, are to be shared with the public online by Cambridge University Library. Issue date: Wednesday August 17, 2022. PA Photo. More than 180 medieval manuscripts are to be digitised, catalogued and conserved over the next two years as part of the Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries project. See PA story HISTORY Cures. Photo credit should read: Master and Fellows of Trinity College/Cambridge/PA Wire NOTE TO EDITORS: This handout photo may only be used in for editorial reporting purposes for the contemporaneous illustration of events, things or the people in the image or facts mentioned in the caption. Reuse of the picture may require further permission from the copyright holder.
This medieval man looks like he’s had a few of the ‘cures’ (Picture: PA)

James Freeman, leading the £500,000 Wellcome-funded project, said: ‘For all their complexities, medieval medical recipes are very relatable to modern readers.

‘Many address ailments that we still struggle with today: headaches, toothache, diarrhoea, coughs, aching limbs.

‘They show medieval people trying to manage their health with the knowledge that was available to them at the time – just as we do.

‘They are also a reminder of the pain and precarity of medieval life, before antibiotics, before antiseptics and before pain relief as we would know them all today.

‘Other treatments include salting an owl and baking it until it can be ground into a powder, mixing it with boar’s grease to make a salve, and rubbing it on to the sufferer’s body to cure gout.

Undated handout photo issued by Cambridge University Library of drawings of urine flasks, illustrating the different colours of a patient's urine, with their ailments described alongside. Curious medieval cures, including a treatment for gout that involved baking an owl then grinding it into a powder, are to be shared with the public online by Cambridge University Library. Issue date: Wednesday August 17, 2022. PA Photo. More than 180 medieval manuscripts are to be digitised, catalogued and conserved over the next two years as part of the Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries project. See PA story HISTORY Cures. Photo credit should read: Cambridge University Library/PA Wire NOTE TO EDITORS: This handout photo may only be used in for editorial reporting purposes for the contemporaneous illustration of events, things or the people in the image or facts mentioned in the caption. Reuse of the picture may require further permission from the copyright holder.
Manuscripts like these were previously the reserve of boffins at Cambridge Uni (Picture: PA)
Undated handout photo issued by Cambridge University Library of drawings of urine flasks, illustrating the different colours of a patient's urine, with their ailments described in roundels above. Curious medieval cures, including a treatment for gout that involved baking an owl then grinding it into a powder, are to be shared with the public online by Cambridge University Library. Issue date: Wednesday August 17, 2022. PA Photo. More than 180 medieval manuscripts are to be digitised, catalogued and conserved over the next two years as part of the Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries project. See PA story HISTORY Cures. Photo credit should read: Master and Fellows of Trinity College/Cambridge/PA Wire NOTE TO EDITORS: This handout photo may only be used in for editorial reporting purposes for the contemporaneous illustration of events, things or the people in the image or facts mentioned in the caption. Reuse of the picture may require further permission from the copyright holder.
Medieval England had some rather concerning cures for common ailments like gout (Picture: PA)

‘To treat cataracts – described as a “web in the eye” – one recipe recommends taking the gall bladder of a hare and some honey, mixing them together and then applying it to the eye with a feather over the course of three nights.’

A team of project cataloguers will prepare detailed descriptions of the text’s contents, material characteristics, origins and provenance, and place the recipes in their material, intellectual and historical contexts.

High-resolution digital images, detailed descriptions and full-text transcriptions will be freely available online on the Cambridge Digital Library, opening up the collections to researchers around the world.

‘These manuscripts provide brilliant insights into medieval medical culture, and the recipes they contain bring us close to the interactions between patient and practitioner that took place many centuries ago,’ Dr Freeman said.

Undated handout photo issued by Cambridge University Library of a diagnostic diagram linking a patient's age, temperament, the seasons and the elements in the 14th century. Curious medieval cures, including a treatment for gout that involved baking an owl then grinding it into a powder, are to be shared with the public online by Cambridge University Library. Issue date: Wednesday August 17, 2022. PA Photo. More than 180 medieval manuscripts are to be digitised, catalogued and conserved over the next two years as part of the Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries project. See PA story HISTORY Cures. Photo credit should read: Master and Fellows of Trinity College/Cambridge/PA Wire NOTE TO EDITORS: This handout photo may only be used in for editorial reporting purposes for the contemporaneous illustration of events, things or the people in the image or facts mentioned in the caption. Reuse of the picture may require further permission from the copyright holder.
Some of the documents are 1,000-years-old (Picture: PA)

‘Until now, such texts have been quite difficult for researchers and members of the public to access and analyse.

‘A bewildering array of ingredients – animal, mineral and vegetable – are mentioned in these recipes.

‘There are herbs that you would find in modern-day gardens and on supermarket shelves – sage, rosemary, thyme, bay, mint – but also common perennial plants: walwort, henbane, betony and comfrey.

‘Medieval physicians also had access to and used a variety of spices in their formulations, such as cumin, pepper and ginger, and commonly mixed ingredients with ale, white wine, vinegar or milk.’

Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at webnews@metro.co.uk.

For more stories like this, check our news page.

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